Category Archives: Symbolism

A Memorial to a Broken Heart in Buffalo’s Forest Lawn Cemetery

Buffalo’s Forest Lawn Cemetery is filled with incredible works of art. It’s most famous marker is a mausoleum for the Blocher family. At the cost of $100,000 in 1884, John and Elizabeth Blocher built the mausoleum to remember their son, Nelson. Nelson Blocher died at the age of 37 after a long illness.

John Blocher was a successful businessman who ran a successful dry goods store and made money off real estate foreclosures. His son worked in shoe manufacturing but enjoyed traveling the world.

Article in the January 24, 1984 issue of The Buffalo Commercialannounces the death of Nelson Blocher.

Supposedly Nelson fell in love with a maid named Katherine Sullivan. His parents disapproved and sent him away to Italy. Supposedly the parents let Katherine go and told her to never return. Upon Nelson’s return he became bereft that Katherine was gone. Only her Bible was left behind.

Grief-stricken, Elizabeth implored her husband to create a memorial to honor their son. John designed the mausoleum, which is made of granite. The giant tomb is covered by a dome of one large piece of granite. It sits upon five pilasters, allowing three panes of glass to be installed for three ways to peer inside the mausoleum.

He employed the talents of sculptor Frank Torrey, who carved the four figures inside the mausoleum out of Carrara marble. John and Elizabeth look over their son, who clutches a Bible. Hovering above Nelson is an angel who reportedly looks like Katherine.Radiating from the mausoleum are three granite benches with each of the Blocher’s name etched into the bench.

Whether the story is true or a fable, it is clear the Blochers wanted their son to be memorialized in a grand way.

The Memorial to the Six Million in Atlanta’s Greenwood Cemetery

Greenwood Cemetery is one of my favorite cemeteries in Atlanta. Its diversity in markers and burial sections illustrates the different people who call Atlanta home. Greenwood has an extensive Jewish section. There are many people buried here who escaped Nazi Germany. After World War II, many Jews immigrated to Atlanta.

In 1964, Jewish Holocaust survivors created the Eternal Life-Hemshech. Their focus was to create a memorial where people could mourn and recite Kaddish.

The organization turned to Benjamin Hirsch, a Holocaust survivor who lost family during the Holocaust and an alumnus of the Georgia Tech Architecture program. He chose locally quarried Stone Mountain granite to symbolize trauma and resilience. The memorial contains four entrances, representing the earth’s four corners, and all were welcome through the “doors.”

Six torches extend into the sky from the center of the memorial. Each torch represents one million people who lost their lives during the Holocaust. During the annual Yom HaShoah services, they are lit. At its center rise six towering torches, each representing one million Jewish lives extinguished by the Nazis. During the annual Yom HaShoah (Holocaust Remembrance Day) services, these torches are lit. Under the torches in a vault, there are ashes interred of some of the people who lost their lives at Dachau.

The memorial opened on April 25, 1965. There are annual services held at the memorial.

In 2008, the memorial was recognized on the National Register of Historic Places. In 2024, the memorial was restored.

The Gravemarkers of Stone Carver William “Rock” Jackson

William Rufus “Rock” Jackson (1808-1892) was a gin operator, miller, and headstone carver who lived and worked in Chambers County, Alabama. Jackson became known for his carving and made many tombstones for his family and community members using local green schist or steatite. Also known as soapstone, steatite is mainly composed of talc, which makes it relatively soft.

Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama

Jackson’s markers, characterized by their distinctive green-blue coloring, can be found throughout eastern Alabama. Colloquially, the stone was also called “blue marble.” The headstones feature a variety of symbols with recognizable lettering. According to Cox (2010), who wrote their thesis on Jackson’s tombstones, the most common elements are hearts and fern branches, but there are dozens of designs in the over 400 markers they documented. Markers have been identified in four counties.

Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama

So far, I have documented the vernacular headstones in three cemeteries: Long Cane Baptist Church in Troup County, Georgia (top image), Mount Hickory Cemetery in Chambers County, and Concord Primitive Baptist Church in Randolph County. One thing I noticed is that not all headstones were oriented toward the east, so it made photographing the headstones a challenge. I will document more headstones during future visits to eastern Alabama.

Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama

If you want to know more, I highly recommend Monica Norton Cox’s thesis about Rock Jackson. It can be found here.

Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama
Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama
Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama
Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama
Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama
Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama
Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama
Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama
Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama
Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama
Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama
Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama
Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama
Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama
Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama
Mount Hickory Cemetery outside of LaFayette, Alabama
Concord Primitive Baptist Church in Wadley, Alabama
Concord Primitive Baptist Church in Wadley, Alabama
Concord Primitive Baptist Church in Wadley, Alabama
Concord Primitive Baptist Church in Wadley, Alabama

King Cemetery of Carnigan, Georgia

The King Cemetery is located off Brighton Road in the community of Carnigan. Land was purchased by Lizzie King. The cemetery is still active.

Arthur Williams Sr.(1890-1924)
Abe Jackson (The symbol at the bottom likely represents a fraternal order.)
No name
Reverend BJ Jackson (d. 1932)
Susie Harmon (d. 1925)
John McDonald (d. 1932)
Lee Sams (The eye symbol likely represents a higher power.)
A. Williams (d. 1941)
Lucille Williams (d. 1925)
Betsy Williams (d.1950)
John Williams
Brenda McCaskill (1964-2021)

The Historic Hebron Presbyterian Church, Cemetery, and Academy of Banks County, Georgia

Founded in 1796, the Hebron Presbyterian Church congregation in Banks County is one of the earliest congregations in north Georgia. The church was built in 1883 and is representative of many rural churches found in the South with the double doors at the entrance, which were used separately by men and women when the sexes did not sit next to each other during church services.

The Hebron Academy is tied to the earlier school on the church’s campus. The first school building was constructed in 1855. At the time, it was a rare school that educated white schoolchildren and the children of the enslaved. The slaveholder could grant permission for anyone they held in bondage to be educated. This continued until a Georgia state law was passed to prevent the education of anyone held in bondage. In 1910, the current school building was constructed, and the old building was moved to be used as a parsonage.

The church’s cemetery highlights a mixture of tombs and markers used over the years. From the head and shoulders grave markers, sometimes called discoids, and the cairns represent earlier markers. Additionally, since it is still an active cemetery, modern markers are mixed throughout it.

The grave of Samuel McKie (1761-1845), who fought in the Revolutionary War, showcases an earlier vault with the addition of a federally issued headstone.
The head and shoulders marker of Elizabeth McEntire (1765-1806) is engraved with “Here lies Elizabeth McEntire age 41 yrs. Departed this life 10 August 1806.” It is believed this marker, and others like it, was quarried from local stone.
Jane Fleming Ash (1764-1859)
The grave of Jennie C. Pruitt (1868-1913) is engraved with the quote, “In my father’s house are many mansions,” from John 14:2-6. This is a frequent inscription in cemeteries.

William B. Smith Mausoleum at Magnolia Cemetery-Charleston, South Carolina

William Burroughs (Burrows) Smith was one of the wealthiest men in Charleston. He built his fortune as a cotton trader. When he died, he stayed in the receiving vault for two years while the pyramid designed by Edward Jones was built.

The Georgia School of Technology built the doors. During this time, Georgia Tech ran a contract shop where they would build items to specifications. These doors cost $300 to build. This shop only lasted until 1896.

The entryway illustrates several different symbols. The upside-down torches represent a “life extinguished. The hourglass at the top of the door represents time is ending. The wings combined with an hourglass means that our time is fleeting.

The stained glass window that can be seen through the windows in the door
Another view of the side
The view of the back side

The Historic American Building Survey was commissioned to create the architectural drawings of the Mausoleum.